file

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The file(1) utility is used to display the types of the specified files. For regular files, it looks for magic(5) numbers in the file content. 

% file hello.c
hello.c: ASCII C program text

Special files, symbolic links, etc. are classified with the stat(2) system call. 

% file /dev/null /dev/wd0a
/dev/null: character special (2/2)
/dev/wd0a: block special (0/0)

With the -i option, the MIME type is displayed. 

% file -i hello.c
hello.c: text/x-c; charset=us-ascii
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